More What Is It? A sore throat, also called a throat infection or pharyngitis, is a painful inflammation of the back part of the throat (pharynx). Pharyngitis can involve some or all of these parts of the throat:. the back third of the tongue. the soft palate (roof of the mouth). the tonsils (fleshy tissue that are part of the throat's immune defenses).
WebMD Symptom Checker helps you find the most common medical conditions indicated by the symptoms Red spots and Sore throat. A red sore throat with white patches. Slideshow: Anatomy of a Sore Throat. See white dots or patches in the back of your throat. Either side at the back of your throat -- might be red and.
The most common cause of sore throat is infection with bacteria or a virus. Because an infection of the pharynx almost always involves the tonsils, tonsillitis (inflammation of the tonsils) was once a common name for infectious pharyngitis. About 90 percent of throat infections are caused by a virus.
Although people who have the flu (influenza), cold sores (oral herpes simplex) or infectious mononucleosis ('mono') also commonly have a sore throat, these viral infections usually cause other telltale symptoms in addition to throat pain. In regions that have warm summers and cool winters, viral pharyngitis typically peaks during the winter and early spring. This is a time when people are more likely to gather in poorly ventilated rooms. The viruses that cause pharyngitis spread easily. The viruses can spread through the air by hanging on to droplets from coughs and sneezes. They stick to unwashed hands that have been exposed to fluids from a sick person's nose or mouth. In most people who are otherwise healthy, simple viral pharyngitis doesn't last long, goes away on its own and does not causes any long-term complications, although the short-term discomfort can be significant.
In cases of infectious pharyngitis that are not viral, the cause is almost always a bacterium — usually a group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus, which causes what is commonly called strep throat. Like viral pharyngitis, strep throat can spread quickly and easily within a community, especially during late winter and early spring.
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Unlike most forms of viral pharyngitis, however, untreated strep throat can lead to serious complications, such as glomerulonephritis (a kidney disorder) and rheumatic fever (a potentially serious illness that can damage heart valves). A strep infection also has the potential to spread within the body, causing pockets of pus (abscesses) in the tonsils and in the soft tissue around the throat.
Symptoms The main symptom of pharyngitis is a sore throat and pain with swallowing. In infectious pharyngitis, other symptoms vary depending on whether the infection is viral or bacterial (usually strep throat):. Viral pharyngitis — Sore throat often is accompanied by other symptoms, such as:. A red throat. Runny or stuffy nose.
Red Sore Patch On Scalp
Dry cough. Hoarseness. Redness of the eyes Children may have diarrhea. Some viruses cause painful sores in and around the mouth, including the lips. Strep throat — Strep throat and other forms of bacterial pharyngitis cause sore throat, pain with swallowing and a red throat. These symptoms tend to be more severe with Strep throat compared to viral pharyngitis.
Other symptoms that often occur with Strep throat include:,. Fever. Body ache and a general sick feeling generally sick feeling. Headache.
Enlarged tonsils with a white spots. Swollen, tender lymph nodes (swollen glands) in the front of the neck. Children also can have nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. Because symptoms of viral and bacterial pharyngitis can overlap, it may be difficult for the doctor to distinguish between them based on symptoms alone. As a general rule, if you have a prominent cough and nasal symptoms you are more likely to have viral pharyngitis than strep throat.
In addition to viral and bacterial pharyngitis, an infection with fungi (Candida or 'yeast') sometimes can cause throat pain, difficulty swallowing and white patches inside the mouth. This throat infection, commonly called thrush, usually affects infants and people with weakened immune systems. A sore throat that lasts for more than a couple of weeks may be caused by acid reflux from the stomach, breathing through the mouth in a dry environment, postnasal drip or, rarely, a tumor. Diagnosis After reviewing your symptoms, the doctor will ask if you might recently have been exposed to someone with strep throat or any other infection involving the throat, nose or ears. After recording your temperature, your doctor will examine you, paying particular attention to your mouth, throat, nose, ears and the lymph nodes in your neck.
If your doctor is quite sure that you have strep throat, he or she may prescribe antibiotics without further testing. If there is some uncertainty, the doctor may want to do a strep test.
A rapid strep test is done in your doctor's office, takes only a few minutes to do and detects 80% to 90% of all cases of strep throat. If this quick test is negative, but your doctor still believes you might have strep, your doctor will take a sample of your throat fluids for more intensive testing in a laboratory. Results will be available in 24 to 48 hours. Expected Duration If you have simple viral pharyngitis, your symptoms should go away gradually over a period of about one week.
If you have strep throat, your symptoms should subside within two to three days after you begin taking antibiotics. Prevention While it's impossible to prevent all infections, you can help to decrease exposure and spreading:. Wash your hands frequently, especially after blowing your nose or after caring for a child with a sore throat. If someone in your home has pharyngitis, keep his or her eating utensils and drinking glasses separate from those of other family members. Wash these objects thoroughly in hot, soapy water. If a toddler with pharyngitis has been chewing or sucking on toys, wash these objects thoroughly in water and disinfectant soap, then rinse well. Promptly dispose of any dirty tissues from runny noses and sneezes, and then wash your hands.
Do not allow a child who has been diagnosed with strep throat to return to school or day care until he or she has been taking antibiotics for at least 24 hours and symptoms have improved. Treatment Because antibiotics do not work against viruses, viral pharyngitis usually is treated by treating the symptoms to make you feel more comfortable until your body's immune system defeats the infection. These measures include:.
Red Sore Patch Inside Lip
Getting plenty of rest (either in or out of bed). Taking (, )or (in adults only) to relieve throat pain. Drinking plenty of water to prevent dehydration. Gargling with warm salty water to ease throat pain.
Drinking warm liquids (tea or broth) or cool liquids or eating gelatin desserts or flavored ices to the throat. Using a cool mist vaporizer to relieve throat dryness. Using nonprescription throat lozenges or anesthetic throat sprays These measures will help to ease your discomfort with any type of throat infection. If you have strep throat, you also will take antibiotics to prevent complications. Your doctor will prescribe a 10-day course of or to eliminate the strep bacteria. If you are allergic to penicillin, including amoxicillin, you may be given (sold under several brand names) or one of the other macrolides, such as. It's important to take all the medication, even after you start to feel better.
When To Call A Professional Call your doctor promptly if you have a sore throat along with any of the following symptoms:. Painful swallowing that prevents you from drinking water or other clear fluids.
Difficulty breathing through your mouth. Noisy breathing or excessive drooling. Fever above 101 degrees Fahrenheit Also, call your doctor if you have any type of throat discomfort that lasts for more than two weeks. Prognosis Overall, the prognosis is excellent. Almost all people with viral and strep pharyngitis recover completely without complications.
Learn more about Sore Throat (Pharyngitis) Associated drugs. Micromedex® Care Notes.
Mayo Clinic Reference. External resources National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Office of Communications & Public Liaison 5601 Fishers Lane, MSC 9806 Bethesda, MD For deliveries, use Rockville, MD 20852 Phone: 301-496-5717 National Center for Infectious Diseases Travelers' Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Road, NE Atlanta, GA 30333 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) 141 Northwest Point Blvd. Elk Grove Village, IL Phone: (847) 434-4000 Fax: (847) 434-8000 American Academy of Otolaryngology — Head and Neck Surgery One Prince St. Alexandria, VA Phone: 703-836-4444 Disclaimer: This content should not be considered complete and should not be used in place of a call or visit to a health professional. Use of this content is subject to specific.
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A sore throat occurs when your pharynx, or throat, becomes inflamed or irritated. A rash is a change in the texture or color of your skin.
Rashes can be itchy and raised, and can cause the skin to blister, look scaly, or feel sore. A rash’s nature and appearance can indicate possible causes. What causes a rash and sore, swollen throat? A rash and sore throat can be inflammatory responses. Your body releases chemicals called histamines when you’re exposed to an allergen. While this is meant to be a protective mechanism, histamines can cause a skin rash and a swollen throat.
Sometimes, a rash and swollen throat along with difficulty breathing may indicate a life-threatening reaction called. Anaphylaxis is usually a result of exposure to something known to cause allergic reactions, such as a bee sting or certain foods. If you believe you or someone around you is experiencing anaphylaxis, call 911 immediately. Viral and bacterial infections also can cause a rash and sore throat. These can include the following: Fifth disease Fifth disease is a viral infection that commonly affects children between the ages of 5 and 15. A sore throat may occur in the early stage of the illness and progress to a rash on the face.
It then spreads to other parts of the body, including the chest, back, arms, and buttocks. A rash is more likely to develop in children younger than 10 years old. In addition to a rash and sore throat, fifth disease can cause coldlike symptoms including a stuffy or runny nose. Some children have a low-grade fever and complain of a headache. Most children recover quickly. There's no vaccine for fifth disease, but good hygiene such as regular hand-washing helps stop the spread of the infection. Mononucleosis Commonly called the “kissing disease,” this viral infection causes a fever, sore throat, rash, and swollen lymph nodes.
Mononucleosis, or mono, is a contagious disease which spreads from person to person through contact with saliva and mucus. You can become ill after kissing someone with the virus, or sharing eating utensils and drinking glasses with an infected person. Symptoms usually develop four to six weeks after exposure to the virus. Mono can be treated at home with plenty of rest and pain medication to manage fever, a sore throat, and headaches.
However, a burst spleen is a potential complication of mono, as is jaundice. See a doctor immediately if you experience sharp, severe pain in the upper section of your stomach, or note your skin or eyes turning yellow. Strep throat and scarlet fever Strep throat is caused by the group A streptococcus bacteria. The condition starts with a sore throat. Other symptoms of strep throat include white patches in the throat, swollen glands, fever, enlarged tonsils, difficulty swallowing.
Some people may also have stomach pain, headaches, or a fever. Your doctor can diagnose strep throat after a rapid strep test or throat culture. Treatment involves a course of antibiotics. If you have strep throat, you’re at risk for developing scarlet fever, which is due to a bacterial toxin. A sign of scarlet fever is a telltale bright red rash over your body, which typically feels like sandpaper and may peel.
Some people who have scarlet fever also have a strawberry tongue, which appears red and bumpy. Seek treatment if you suspect scarlet fever. If left untreated, the bacteria can spread to other parts of the body including the kidneys, blood, and lungs.
Rheumatic fever is a complication of scarlet fever and can affect your heart, joints, and nervous system. Your doctor will prescribe antibiotics to treat scarlet fever. When to seek medical help Allergic reactions that cause a rash and swollen throat can range from mild to severe.
A severe reaction is known as anaphylaxis. This is a medical emergency that can affect breathing.
Seek immediate medical treatment if you experience this reaction. Make a doctor’s appointment if you have a fever that doesn't subside within two to three days. This can be a sign of a viral or bacterial infection. Also, seek medical attention if a rash becomes unbearably itchy, your skin begins to flake and peel, or you feel you’re experiencing a medical emergency. How are a rash and sore, swollen throat treated?
Treatment for a rash and sore, swollen throat depends on the cause. For example, antihistamine medications can treat a rash and swollen throat caused by an allergic reaction. In severe instances, epinephrine can help reduce swelling in the throat. While viral infections can’t be cured with medication, bacterial infections can. Your doctor can prescribe antibiotics to reduce the infection’s symptoms and duration. Your doctor also can prescribe or recommend a topical lotion or spray to reduce itching and discomfort from a rash. Home care Avoid scratching a rash to minimize its spread and prevent it from worsening and becoming infected.
Keep the area dry and clean, using unscented, gentle soap and warm water. Applying calamine or hydrocortisone cream may help reduce and soothe the rash. Gargling with warm salt water can help soothe a sore throat. Resting and drinking plenty of fluids can help sustain the energy your body needs to heal. Take prescription medication as directed and until it’s gone to avoid a relapse — even if you feel better. If you develop a swollen throat rapidly and have difficulty breathing, you should be evaluated immediately in an emergency room.
How can I prevent rash and sore throat? Frequent hand-washing helps control the spread of infection.
This includes washing your hands after sneezing, before and after eating, and after direct contact with others. Avoiding common allergens such as strongly scented cosmetics and cigarette smoke can reduce the likelihood of a reaction.